By the looks of how dirty the carbs are on the outside I would give them a good cleaning on the inside as well. They will tolerate short exhaust fairly well in regards to exhaust valve issues but a lot of it depends on how long and how hard you run the motor and if you do a lot of high rpm decells. I have run them shorter and had no issues but again it depends on how long you run them etc. I would guess a combination of carb lean/dirty and a spark issue(old dirty plugs and old dirty points) intermittent pop in the exhaust is more from incomplete combustion in the engine (too lean for ignition, extreme rich, poor or intermittent spark in said cylinder) and it builds up till ignites in the exhaust. Lots of things to look at but by the looks of it you should go through and do complete and thorough tune up and maintenance check